Carbon Universe
Mining & Metals
Critical minerals, copper, lithium, aluminium — energy-intensive extraction and refining. Mining and metals underpin the energy transition (copper, lithium, nickel, rare earths) while accounting for ~10% of global energy-related CO₂. Scope 1 diesel, smelter electricity and tailings make it a structural decarbonization cohort.
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Carbon Index Protocol database entries are research and intelligence records. Scores are methodology-based indicators and should not be treated as investment, legal, or regulatory advice.