Data Sources

Registry of Sources & Providers

Every regulator, index provider, rating agency, and research source cited across C100 research is documented here — what they are, what data they publish, and how our intelligence stack uses them.

Academic & Legal Tracker

Regulatory tracker for US financial regulation of climate change and climate-related risk disclosure.

Academic Research

Landmark 2022 study decomposing ESG rating divergence into measurement (56%), scope (38%), and weighting (6%).

Peer-reviewed finance and sustainability research including ESG rating disagreement studies.

Consultancy & Advisory

Big Four advisory publisher of climate-disclosure implementation guidance and Heads Up bulletins.

Data & Analytics

Transition Toolkit covering 96% of global market cap with integrated stress testing and climate alignment scoring.

ESG Data & Software

Private-markets ESG data platform with regulatory tracking across CSRD, SEC, and state regimes.

ESG Ratings Agency

Absolute ESG risk ratings (0–100) with continuous history since 1992 and integrated controversy tracking.

Exchange & Index Provider

Owner of the world's most liquid carbon derivatives markets and the ICE Carbon Futures Index family.

Financial Media

Business media coverage of corporate rating events, IPO context, and market-moving disclosures.

Independent Research

Practitioner comparisons of ESG rating providers grounded in academic literature.

Index & ESG Ratings Provider

Publisher of 1,500+ climate index variants and the AAA-to-CCC ESG rating framework.

Index Provider

TPI Climate Transition Index Series built on Transition Pathway Initiative data since 2017.

Legal Advisory

US law firm publishing client alerts on SEC rescission and state-level climate obligations.

Price Assessment & Benchmarks

Primary benchmark provider for voluntary carbon market pricing, with project-type and vintage granularity.

Regulator

Primary US securities regulator; issuer of the 2024 climate-disclosure rule now facing proposed rescission.

Regulatory Tracker

Sustainability rating and regulatory tracker covering global disclosure regimes.